Heater



Jan. 14, 1947. H. H. FLEER 2,414,147

HEATER Filed Jan; 4, 1943 s Sheets-Sheet 1 IN V EN TOR.

Fez/ y H Hear;

H. H. FLEER Jan. 14, 1-947.

HEATER Filed Jan. 4, 1945 INVENTOR.

3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Jan. 14, 1947 HEATER Harry H. Fleer, Quincy,Ill., assignor to Gem City Pattern (30., Quincy, 111., a corporation ofIllinois Application January 4, 1943, Serial No. 471,234

8 Claims. 1

My inventionrelates, generally, to heaters and it has particularrelation to heaters of the warm air type for heating space by radiationand convection.

An object of my invention is to provide for introducing primary air intothe fire box around the outside of the fire bed so as to cause the fuelto burn from the outside inwardly.

Another object of my invention is to provide for distributing theprimary air to the rifling or spiral grooves in the inner surface of thefire box which in turn distribute it around the outside of the fire bed.

A further object of my invention is to provide for distributing thesecondary air around the fire box and into the upper portion thereof.

Still another object of my invention is to so arrange and construct thefire box and the ridin or spiral grooves therein that the ashes from thefuel bed will tend to flow downwardly into the ash pit.

Other objects of my invention will, in part, be

obvious and in part appear hereinafter.

For a more complete understanding of the nature and scope of myinvention reference may be had to the following detailed descriptiontaken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a preferred form of heater in whichthe present invention is incorporated;

Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view taken along the line 22 of Figure4 and showing the internal details of construction of the heater shownin Figure 1 and the paths of the primary and secondary air;

Figure 3 is a detail sectional view taken on the line 33 of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a detail sectional view taken on the line 4-4 of Figure 2;and

Figure 5 is a detail sectional view taken along the line 5-5 of Figure4.

Referring now particularly to Figure 1 of the drawings, it will beobserved that the reference character l designates, generally, a heaterin which the present invention is incorporated. The heater I 0 isprovided with a casing or drum H, preferably of sheet steel, which maybe supported at its lower end on legs l2. At the upper end there isprovided a stack IE to which the conventional stove pipe can be attachedfor carrying away the gases incident to combustion. A cap or cover I4 isprovided at the upper end of the heater l0 which includes a door lhaving a handle l6 for opening the same. It is intended that the fuelfor the heater l0 shall be fed to the fire box through the apertureclosed by the door l5. Projecting through the door I5 is a handle I!which is attached to a slide l8, Figure 2', for closing apertures IS inthe cover l4. Ad-

ditional secondary air can be admitted through the apertures l9, ifdesired.

The primary air can be admitted through apertures 20 and control of thesame is provided by means of a handle 2| attached to a slide 22, Figure2 of the drawings. As will be set forth hereinafter, the primary airthrough the apertures 20 is caused to flow around the fuel bed so as topermit combustion around the same.

At the lower portion of the heater EB there is provided a door 25 whichcan be opened to remove ashes from the ash pit. The door 25 is providedwith an auxiliary door 26 which can be opened to permit access to theash pit for shaking the grate in a conventional manner.

Referring now particularly to Figures 2, 3 and 4 of the drawings, itwill be observed that a liner 3B of suitable refractory material, suchas fire brick or tile, is provided inside of the casing or steel drumII. As shown in Figure 5 this liner 353, which is made up of severalpieces 3! of fire brick or tile, is in contact engagement with the innersurface of the casing or steel drum ll, except for certain portionsthereof as will be set forth hereinafter. It has been found that thisconstruction with the casing or steel drum l i in contact with the liner3G for the major portion of its extent materially increases theeiliciency of the heater I0.

As shown in Figures 3 and 4 of the drawings, the liner 38 can be made upof eight sections or pieces 3! of fire brick or tile. Obviously, agreater or smaller number can be employed if desired. The sections 31are arranged to form a generally cylindrical fire box 32 thelongitudinal axis of which is vertical as illustrated. Preferably, thediameter, as indicated by the broken line 33 of Figure 2, at the upperend of the fire box 32 is slightly smaller than the diameter, indicatedby the broken line 34, at the lower end so that a generally conicalconstruction is provided which tapers outwardly and downwardly tofacilitate the flow of ashes from the fuel bed in the fire box 32 to theash pit therebelow.

Now it is desirable to have the fuel bed burn from the outside inwardlyrather than to burn from the inside outwardly. A much more efficientcombustion is obtained and generally the heater l!) is much moreefficient if the combustion is of this character. In order to effectthis desirable result the primary air is directed so that it flowsaround the outside of the fuel bed.

For this purpose the inner surface of the fire box 32 is rifled orprovided with spiral grooves 37 through which the primary air can flow.The

' lower end of each of the grooves 31 extends vertically downwardly asindicated at 38.

With a view to preventing the spiral grooves 31 from being clogged withashes from the fuel bed, the upper edge of each of the grooves, as

indicated at 39, extends generally horizontally or substantially atright angles to the vertical axis of the fire box 32. The lower side 40of each of the spiral grooves 31 slopes downwardly, as shown, so thatthe ashes therein tend to flow downwardly toward the fire box.

The liner 30 made up of the sections 3| of fire brick or tile issupported at the lower end by a lower clamp ring 42 which is providedwith apertures 43 registering with the vertical grooves 38 in which thelower ends of the spiral grooves 31 open as previously described. Thelower clamp ring 42 extends into the fire box 32 and has integrallyformed therewith-a flange 44 which interfits with the lower innersurface of the liner 30 and slopes so as to facilitate the flow of ashesto the ash pit.

Underneath the lower clamp ring 42 and supporting the same is a gratering 45 which, together with the clamp ring 42, provides an annularpassageway or channel d6 through which the primary air, as indicated bythe arrows 41, can be distributed from the openings 20 to the spiralgrooves 3?. It will be understood that the annular passageway or channel46 extends entirely around the lower end of the liner 30 and that it iscommon to all of the grooves 38. d integrally formed with the grate ring45 is a flange 48 which is inclined to form a continuation of the flange45. for directing the flow of ashes to the ash pit. Grooves 49,registering with the apertures 43 and grooves 38, are provided tofacilitate the flow of ashes therefrom to the ash pit. The' grate ring45 is provided with a plurality of integrally formed earsfeil, Figure 4,for supporting an auxiliary grate ring Figure 2, which in turn supportsa conventional grate 52. Since the grooves 49 in the grate ring 45 willnormally be filled with ashes, substantially none of the primary airwill flow therethrough. It fol lows that the entire supply of primaryair will flow through the lower channel or annular passageway 4t andbedistributed to the grooves 38 and thence through the spiral grooves 31for supporting combustion at the outside of the fuel bed and causing thefuel bed to burn from the outside inwardly. That is, substantially noair can work its way through the grooves 49 and up through the center ofthe fuel bed since these grooves are normally filled with ashes. Bycausing the'fuel bed to burn from the outside'inward- 1y bettercombustion is obtained because the adjacent heated liner 30 helps toignite the gases evolved from the fuel and the fuel burns completelyaway from the liner 38, thereby eliminating the tendency for the fuelbed to arch as is the case when it burns up through the center.

The grate ring 45 can be supported in any suitable manner such as bystandards 53 projecting upwardly from the bottom of the-ash pit 54.

The major portion of the secondary air is admitted through apertures 5'!and the amount is controlled by a slide 58, Figure 4, having a,projecting. handle 53 for adjusting the same. The apertures 53 openintoa channel 60, which is annular in character and which is formed inthe lower end of the liner 3!), as shown. The annular passageway 60 forthe secondary air is common to vertically extending passageways Bl inthe outside surface of the liner 3!). Except for these passageways 6|,the liner 3!] is in contact engagement with the casing or steel drum II,as previously described. At their upper ends the passageways -6lcommunicate with two sets of apertures 62 and 63 which extend throughthe 4 liner 3B and into the fire box 32 at the upper end, as indicatedmore clearly for apertures 63 in Figure 3 of the drawings. Apertures 62are identical with apertures 63. If desired, one of the sets ofapertures 62 or 63 can be omitted if it is found that suflicientsecondary air is supplied by a single set.

The upper ends of the passageways 6| communicate with a passageway 64that is annular in character and is formed by an upper clamp ring 65.The upper clamp ring 65 can be provided with apertures 33 through whichthe secondary air can also be distributed to the upper end of the firebox 32. If desired, either the apertures 66 Or both sets of apertures 62and 63 can be omitted or used depending upon the amount of secondary airthat is required. Preferably the apertures 36 in the upper clamp ring 65are omitted. Reliance is then placed on the apertures 32 and 33 tosupply the necessary secondary air. It will be understood thatadditional apertures, such as the apertures 32 and 63 in the liner 30,can be employed, if desired.

The flow of the secondary air is indicated by the arrows 61. It will beobserved that it enters through the apertures 5'! near the rear of theheater l6 and that it flows through the annular passageway and upwardlythrough thejvertical passageways 5|. It then flows through suitableapertures, as described, into the upper end of the fire box 32.

As shown in Figure 2 of the drawings, the upper clamp ring is providedwith suitable ears, one of which is indicated at 68, which rest upon theupper end of the liner 39. Recessed portions are provided in the upperclamp ring 65, as indicated at 69, to permit access to the stove bolt 10which serves, together with other stove bolts, to hold the cap M inplace on the upper end of the casing or steel drum I l.

Since certain changes'can be made in the fore going construction anddifferent embodiments of theinvention can be made without departing fromthe spirit and scope thereof, it is intended that all matter shown inthe accompanying drawings and described hereinbefore shall beinterpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense;

I claim asmy invention:

'1. In a heater, in combination, an upright casing, a liner for saidcasing of refractory material defining a fire box, the inner surfaceofsaid liner tapering downwardly and outwardly to facilitate the downwardflow of ashes in the fire box-said inner surface having a plurality ofprimary air supply grooves extending upward from its lower end fordirecting the flow of primary air to the outside of the fuel bed in saidfire box, a lower clamp ring underneath said liner for supporting thesame, said clamp ring projecting into said fire box and having aperturestherein registering with the lower ends of said grooves, a grate ringadapted to carry a grate below the firebox and supporting said lowerclamp ring and cooperating therewithto provide a passageway common tosaid apertures and. communicating with the outside of said'casing fordistributinglprimary air to said grooves, and an upper clamp ring: atthe upper end of said liner cooperating therewith to provide a circularpassageway having apertures opening into the upper end of theifi're boxto direct the fiow of secondary air thereto, said liner being providedwith a pluralityof vertically extending passageways communicatin withsaid circular passageway for the flow. of sec-I ondary air therethrough,and said liner being provided with a passageway common to the lower endsof said vertical passageways and communicating with the outside of saidcasing for distributing secondary air to said passageways.

2. In a heater, a casing having an ash pit at its lower end, a gratering mounted in said casing above said ash pit, a clamp ring mounted insaid casing in superposed spaced relation to said grate ring, said ringshaving interfitting engagement at their inner portions, a refractorylining mounted on said clamp ring provided in its innor surface withprimary air supply grooves extending upward from its lower end, saidclamp ring having spaced openings therein in register with the lowerends of said grooves and said grate ring having ash receivingdepressions underlying said openings and extending downward therefrom,said rings defining between them a primary air receiving spacecommunicating at the upper ends of said depressions with said openingsand otherwise closed to the ash pit, and means for admitting air to saidspace.

3. In a heater, a casing having an ash pit at its lower end, a gratering mounted in said casing above said ash pit, a grate structuresupported at the lower end of said ring in proximity thereto, a clampring mounted in said casing in superposed spaced relation to said gratering, said rings having interfitting engagement at their inner portions,a refractory lining in said casing mounted on said clamp ring providedin its inner surface with primary air supply grooves extending upwardfrom its lower end, said clamp ring having spaced openings therein inregister with the lower ends of said grooves and said grate ring havingash receiving depressions therein underlying said openings and inclineddown-- wardly and inwardly of said casing toward said grate structure,said rings defining between them a primary air receiving spacecommunicating at the upper ends of said depressions with said openingsand otherwise closed to the ash pit, and means for admitting air to saidspace.

4. In a heater, a casing having an ash pit at its lower end, a gratering mounted in said casing above said ash pit, a grate structuresupported at the lower end of said ring in proximity thereto, a clampring mounted in said casing in superposed spaced relation to said gratering, said rings having interfitting engagement at their inner portions,a refractory lining in said casing mounted on said clamp ring providedin its inner surface with primary air supply grooves extending upwardfrom its lower end and having their lower end portions straight andsubstantially vertical, said clamp ring having spaced openings thereinin register with the lower ends of said grooves and said grate ringhaving ash receiving depressions therein underlying said openings andinclined downwardly and inwardly of said casing toward said gratestructure, said rings defining between them a primary air receivingspace communicating at the upper ends of said depressions with saidopenings and otherwise closed to the ash pit, and means for admittingair to said space.

5. In a heater, a casing having an ash pit at its lower end, a gratering mounted in said casing above said ash pit, a clamp ring mounted insaid casing in superposed spaced relation to said grate ring, said ringshaving interfitting engagement at their inner portions, a refractorylining mounted on said clamp ring provided in its inner surface withprimary air supply grooves extending upward from its lower end, said,clamp ring having spaced openings therein in register with the lowerends of said grooves and said grate ring having ash receivingdepressions underlying and extending downward from said openings, saidrings defining between them a primary air receiving space communicatingat the upper ends of said depressions with said openings and otherwiseclosed to the ash pit, said lining being spaced at its lower portionfrom said casing defining there with and with said clamp ring asecondary air receiving space extending about said liner and closed tosaid primary air space and to said ash pit, said liner having in itsouter face secondary air channels opening into said secondary air space,means for admitting air from outside of said casing to said primary airspace, means for admitting air from outside of said casing to saidsecondary air space, and means for permitting secondary air from saidchannels to enter the combustion space of said heater.

6. In a heater, a casing having ash pit at its lower end, a refractorylining in said casing above said ash pit provided in its inner surfacewith primary air supply grooves extending upward from its lower end,means providing a primary air receiving space extending about saidcasing above said ash pit and communicating with the lower ends of saidgrooves, means for admitting air to said space from the exterior cf saidcasing and independently of said ash pit, means defming in cooperationwith said casing and said liner a secondary air receiving spaceextending about the lower portion of said liner and closed to saidprimary air space and to said ash pit, said liner having in its outerface secondary air conducting channels opening into and extending upwardfrom said secondary air space, means for admitting air to said secondaryair space from outside of said casing and independently of said primaryair space and of said ash pit, and means for permitting secondary airfrom said channels to enter the combustion space of said heater.

7. In a heater, a casing having an ash pit at its lower end, arefractory lining in said casing above said ash pit provided in itsinner surface with primary air supply grooves extending upward from itslower end portion and having in its outer surface upwardly extendingsecondary air channels opening at their upper portions into the spacedefined by said lining, means for sin:- plying to the lower ends of saidgrooves primary air from outside of said casing and ash pit, and meansfor supplying to the lower ends of said channels secondary air from theexterior of said casing independently of said primary air supply meansand of said ash pit.

8. In a heater, a casing having an ash pit at its lower end, a gratering mounted in said casing above said ash pit, a clamp ring mounted insaid casing in superposed spaced relation to said grate ring, arefractory lining mounted on said clamp ring provided in its inner facewith primary air supply grooves extending upward from its lower end,said rings defining between them a primary air receiving spacecommunicating with the lower ends of said grooves, means for supplyingprimary air to said space from the exterior of said casing and ash pit,and means for supplying secondary air to the combustion space of saidheater from the exterior of said casing and independently of saidprimary air supply means and of said ash pit.

HARRY H. FLEER.

